Brexit Geographies by Mark Boyle & Ronan Paddison & Peter Shirlow

Author:Mark Boyle & Ronan Paddison & Peter Shirlow [Boyle, Mark & Paddison, Ronan & Shirlow, Peter]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780367236755
Google: _rgOxAEACAAJ
Goodreads: 45151382
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2019-07-08T06:47:29+00:00

Social positioning, politically framed in-/exclusion and the bordered intersectional everyday

Borders can be regarded as dynamic and creative discontinuities that play a crucial role in encouraging the multiple, complex interplay between political and territorial, as well as cultural and identitarian processes (Popescu, 2012). Bordering processes are made through practices, whether these are aimed at maintaining and strengthening them or at disrupting or subverting them (Reid, Graham, & Nash, 2013, p. 5). These practices operationalize ‘symbols, signs, identifications, representations, performances and stories’ (van Houtum, Kramsch, & Zierhofer, 2005). As we have argued above, to fully understand bordering emerging within the Brexit context – which is very much about rebordering, i.e. the re-making of borders – we need to incorporate into our analysis both vernacular and situated intersectional perspectives (Yuval-Davis, 2014). The latter emphasizes the necessity to develop a multi-epistemological approach, which considers the interrelationship between everyday practices and political struggles. It recognizes the need to analyse Brexit as a dialogical, scale-transcending process, encompassing the situated gazes, knowledge and imaginations of the distinct social agents, emotional attachments and value systems involved (Yuval-Davis, 2011).

The early categorical approach developed by Kimberlé Crenshaw (1991) described intersectionality as multiple overlays and intersections of a limited number of axes of inequality, i.e. class, race and gender. According to Leslie McCall (2005) such inter-categorical understandings must be told apart from intra-categorical approaches because intersectionality is not simply determined by abstract categories or gross axes of inequality; rather, it is continually embodied and enacted. It emerges within particular situations that individuals and social groups experience in everyday life (Winker & Degele, 2009). By integrating both perspectives, the latest approach of ‘situated intersectionality’ (Anthias, 2013; Yuval-Davis, 2015, 2016) references the manifold sites of emergence of inequality, and their multi-scalar implications. Situated intersectionality may refer to seemingly unrelated items such as age, the availability of economic resources, access to citizenship or gender roles, but it also addresses ‘nearby’ items of social practice, e.g. the social image of an urban neighbourhood, local access to housing, and felt or aspired belonging to a local community. It therefore emphasizes the social divisions created by everyday bordering. These may relate to different degrees of citizenship or the exposure of groups and individuals to state and border control, often relocated to everyday ‘checkpoints’ where certain social groups are supposed to produce identity documents.

Intersectionality analysis thus relates to the manifold (re)distribution of power and other resources through social practice and does not reduce the complexity of power constructions into a single social division, as has been prevalent, for instance, in neo-Marxist stratification theory which would privilege class divisions (Anthias, 2001). The approach sees different social divisions as mutually constituted and shaped in a particular place-time (Yuval-Davis et al., in press); different social divisions constitute each other but are irreducible to each other – each of them has a different ontological discourse of particular dynamics of power relations, exclusion and/or exploitation, using a variety of legitimate and illegitimate technologies of inferiorizations, intimidations and sometimes actual violence to achieve this (Anthias & Yuval-Davis, 1983; Yuval-Davis, 2006).

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